Before you start your first course, we suggest you review the entire curriculum which you will find on the CURRICULUM page.

The video instruction courses currently available are listed below divided into classes of about ½ hour to an hour in length. Each class comes with a downloadable handout and self-assessment questionnaire. All classes contain numerous case examples from a collection of more than 100,000 pictures taken over a 70 year period. All of the cases were treated according to the same basic principles and followed for decades. New courses will be added on an ongoing basis, and members will be notified when each new course is posted.

If you require assistance for any technical problem please use the contact page to notify us about the problem so that it can be properly addressed.

ONWARD is accredited by The Academy of General Dentistry’s PACE program provider # 400489.

Implant Restorations

This course will cover the elements required to achieve a high percentage of successful outcomes for full coverage implant restorations.  Emphasis will center on basic scientific and engineering principles required to consistently achieve case longevity. Also covered will be a rationale for choosing the best treatment option most likely to achieve long term success. Included will be some new treatment options with an established track record that most dentists do not know exist.   Numerous examples will be presented from a library of more than 100,000 pictures taken over seven decades. Many of these cases have been documented with X-Ray follow-up over decades.

Course Objectives:

Participants will learn:

–How to choose the best treatment option when considering the use of implants.

–Why full coverage restorations on natural teeth may be a superior outcome to tooth extraction and implant therapy.

–When to best utilize fixed restorations and removable restorations with implant abutments to ensure the best possible outcome.

–Why the double-tilt precision attachment case with implant abutments is one of the finest treatment options available.

Philosophy

The Philosophy Course will introduce an entirely new philosophical approach to restorative dentistry. This approach is based on basic principles that have contributed to a high percentage of successful cases during the past 70 years. The course will teach attendees how to examine patients, determine a correct diagnosis and formulate an individual treatment plan that takes into account patient needs and desires as well as contingencies for weak areas that could affect overall success. The course will also cover the diagnostic evaluation of neuromuscular-occlusal disharmonies.

This class will introduce an entirely new philosophical approach to restorative dentistry that has a 70- year track record and features principle-guided practice.

Edward Feinberg, DMD: Instructor

Class Objectives : Class attendees will learn:

  • The importance of principle-guided practice
  • How to approach clinical care in a scientific manner
  • How to avoid blind acceptance of unproven assumptions
  • The elements required for a successful outcome in restorative Dentistry

Course Materials: PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; 1 credit hour

This class will focus on the importance of looking at patients with an overall, comprehensive approach to patient care that corrects problems before they result in loss of teeth and the collapse of the dentition. 1 CEU

Edward Feinberg, DMD: Instructor

Class Objectives: Class attendees will learn:

  • That dentitional loss is not a consequence of the aging process.
  • How corrective dentistry can prevent force-induced degeneration of the dentition.
  • The difference between an overall approach and a piecemeal approach to patient care.

Course Materials: PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz

 

This class will outline how the practitioner should approach diagnosis and treatment planning for complex cases.

Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • The importance of data collection and carefully considering treatment options
  • How to conduct a patient interview on the first visit
  • The importance of a proper full series of X-Rays and Study models
  • That some cases will require consultation with specialists or diagnostic appliance therapy before the best treatment plan can be selected.

Course Materials:  PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; 1 credit hour

This class will demonstrate how to discover and treat neuromuscular occlusal disharmonies using a diagnostic Hawley Bite Plate.

Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Course Objectives: Participants will learn:

  • How to identify possible neuromuscular occlusal disharmonies
  • How to use a Hawley Bite Plate to discover and verify neuromuscular occlusal disharmonies
  • How to create a treatment plan for the correction and management of neuromuscular disharmonies

Course Materials:  PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; 1 credit hour

NEWEST!! Maximizing Outcomes

This course will cover the basics of ideal treatment for full coverage restorative dentistry–specifically longevity and  the ingredients required for a high percentage of case longevity rather than esthetics and economics.    The presentation will showcase the details that are required for successful outcomes.  Numerous examples will be presented from a library of more than 100,000 pictures taken over seven decades with X-Ray follow-up.

Course Objectives:

Participants will learn:

–what details are required to create an ideal outcome for full coverage restorations

–why a precision mindset and a step-by-step approach to full coverage restorations are important for successful outcome.

–how full coverage restorations can be designed to eliminate recurrent decay and periodontal bone loss; and how to apply proven engineering principles to ensure this outcome.

–When to best utilize fixed restorations, removable restorations, and implant restorations for the best possible outcome.

This course will cover the basics of ideal treatment for full coverage restorative dentistry–specifically longevity and  the ingredients required for a high percentage of case longevity rather than esthetics and economics.    The presentation will showcase the overall factors that are required for successful outcomes.  Numerous examples will be presented from a library of more than 100,000 pictures taken over seven decades with X-Ray follow-up.

Course Objectives:

Participants will learn:

–what constitutes an ideal outcome for full coverage restorations

–why a precision mindset and a step-by-step approach to full coverage restorations is important for successful outcome.

–how full coverage restorations can be designed to eliminate recurrent decay and periodontal bone loss; and how to apply proven engineering principles to ensure this outcome.

–the difference between an overall point of view and a piecemeal point of view in examining and treating patients.

–Why fixed bridgework on natural tooth abutments often offers superior outcomes to the single-tooth implant

–When to best utilize fixed restorations, removable restorations, and implant restorations for the best possible outcome.

NEW!! Fabrication of Full Coverage Restorations

The course will cover issues involved in the fabrication of full coverage restorations for both natural tooth and implant abutments–including elements of case design, which materials to use, splinting and the use of cantilevers.

Course Description:

This course will cover the rationale and choice of materials for crown and bridgework and the procedures involved in handling these materials with a precision approach to full coverage restorative dentistry.

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • The difference between butt-joint preparations and shoulder/apron preparations.
  • The pros and cons of materials available for full coverage restorative dentistry
  • Which materials are the best choices for full coverage restorative dentistry
  • What criteria constitute acceptable fit
  • The difference between casting and milling
  • How to make dies and duplicate dies
  • How to make and successfully use transfer copings

 Course Description

This course will cover the rationale for splinting and the methods required for precision splinting of castings and millings to create bridgework.

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • The indications for using splinting and ideal splinting arrangements
  • Proper casting design for splinted restorations
  • Methods for fitting and connecting castings intraorally.
  • Ideal pontic form and how to incorporate pontics into bridgework
  • Types of bridgework connections, including torch soldering, laser welding and one-piece millings
  • The rationale and methods of splinting implant fixtures

Course Description

This course will cover the rationale and indications for using cantilevers in full coverage restorative dentistry.

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • Basic engineering principles required for the use of cantilevers.
  • The indications for using cantilevers.
  • Failures of cantilevers and how to avoid them
  • The use of cantilevers with implant fixtures
  • How to use the AP spread as a guide for implant cantilevers
  • The Stress Treatment Theorem, why it is important to minimize biomechanical stress on implant fixtures, and how to do so successfully
  • Alternative approaches when cantilevers are not likely to hold up

Fixed Bridgework

The Fixed Bridgework Course will present a technique for fabricating crowns and fixed bridgework on natural tooth abutments that has a phenomenal track record of success. Included in the course will be demonstration of every step of the technique as well as the rationale for each step.

This class will introduce basic concepts that are important to creating ideal full coverage restorative dentistry.  A new paradigm will be discussed:  a three-dimensional approach to full coverage restorative dentistry.  Emphasis will be on the importance of precision and working with a step-by-step technique to identify errors and to prevent errors from being compounded and compromising outcomes.

Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • An understanding that crowns and bridges are more than tooth coverings–they are corrective.
  • Ideal full coverage restorations can compensate for periodontal bone loss to prevent future bone loss and recurrent decay.
  • The importance of precision in creating  ideal crown and bridgework.
  • The difference between an overall approach and a piecemeal approach.
  • The limitations of single-tooth implants in preventing disease.
  • The difference between analog dentistry and digital dentistry
  • Why it is necessary to adopt a step-by-step technique to identify and correct errors before they are compounded.
  • The value of a three-dimensional approach to crown and bridgework.

Course Materials: PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; 1.0 credit hour

This class will demonstrate how to prepare teeth with full shoulder preparations.

Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • Why the full shoulder is best for crown and bridgework restorations
  • Characteristics of the Ideal Shoulder Preparation
  • How to prepare a shoulder on a tooth
  • Complications that can arise and how to correct them.

Course Materials:  PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; .5 credit hour

Crown and Bridge 3 - How to Prepare the Gingiva around Full Shoulder Crown and Bridge Preparations

This class will demonstrate how to prepare the gingiva around full shoulder crown and bridge preparations.

Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • The rationale for gingival contouring
  • Basic principles of gingival contouring around full shoulder preparations
  • Why electrosurgery is ideal for gingival contouring around full shoulder preparations
  • Electrosurgical techniques for full coverage restorative dentistry

Course Materials: PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; .5 credit hour

Crown and Bridge 4 - How to Prepare the Root Surface for Full Shoulder Crown and Bridge Preparations

This class will demonstrate how to prepare the root surface for full shoulder crown and bridge preparations.

Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • Why proper preparation of the root surface is critical to a successful outcome and longevity
  • How to prepare the root surface properly to virtually eliminate recurrent decay
  • A concept of crown and bridgework that compensates for errors inherent in fabricating restorations.

Course Materials:  PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; .5 credit hour

Crown and Bridge 5 - Indications and Techniques for Successful Osseous Contouring around Full Shoulder Crown and Bridge Preparations

This class will cover the indications and techniques for successful osseous contouring around full shoulder crown and bridge preparations.

Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • The rationale and indications for osseous recontouring around full coverage preparations.
  • Simple and painless techniques for accomplishing osseous recontouring.

Course Materials:  PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; .5 credit hour

Crown and Bridge 6 - Fabrication of Provisional Restorations

This class will cover the fabrication of provisional restorations.

Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • A rationale for fabricating provisional restorations
  • Materials for fabricating provisional restorations
  • Methods of fabricating provisional restorations

Course Materials:  PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; 1 credit hour

Crown and Bridge 7 - Indications and Techniques for Taking Individual Impressions of Prepared Teeth

This class will cover the indications and techniques for taking individual impressions of prepared teeth.

Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • Why it is important to take accurate impressions of the entire root surfaces
  • The advantages and disadvantages of impression materials
  • How to take copper band impressions with compound and with elastic materials

Course Materials:  PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; 1 credit hour

Crown and Bridge 8 - Rationale and Methods for Making Accurate Preliminary Impressions

This class will cover the rationale and methods for making accurate preliminary impressions.

Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • Why preliminary impressions are important to a successful outcome
  • Several approaches to preliminary impressions
  • The rationale for the use of transfer copings
  • Two methods for making transfer copings

Course Materials:  PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; 1 credit hour

Crown and Bridge 9 - Materials for Making Full Coverage Restorations

This class will discuss the available materials for making full coverage restorations including their advantages, disadvantages and appropriate use.

Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • The appropriate use of various materials for full coverage restorations
  • The requirements for successful cast restorations
  • How to make pontics for optimal health and esthetics
  • The appropriate use of cantilevers

Course Materials:  PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; 1 credit hour

Crown and Bridge 10 - Rationale of Splinting for Prevention of Disease and Stabilization

This class will discuss the rationale of splinting for prevention of disease and stabilizing the dentition through force distribution. Various methods of achieving splinting for optimal results and longevity will be demonstrated.

Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • The rationale for splinting crowns
  • Ideal splinting arrangements
  • Methods of splinting crowns that provide optimal control over the outcome
  • Methods of full arch splinting that avoid the need for roundhouses

Course Materials:  PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; 1 credit hour

Crown and Bridge 11a - How to Make Accurate Master Impressions and Models for Posterior Single Crowns and Bridges

This class will demonstrate how to make accurate master impressions and models for posterior single crowns and bridges.

Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • How to evaluate the fit of castings before taking a master impression
  • How to take master impressions for single crowns and posterior bridges
  • How to take simple bite registrations for posterior restorations

Course Materials:  PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; .5 credit hour

Crown and Bridge 11b - How to Make Accurate Master Impressions and Models for Anterior Single Crowns and Bridges

This class will demonstrate how to make accurate master impressions and models for anterior single crowns and bridges. 

Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • How to evaluate the castings before taking the master impression
  • How to take master impressions for anterior single crowns and bridges
  • How to take simple bite registrations for these restorations
  • Basic principles of shade matching
  • How to create and articulate master models
  • Principles of communicating with the caboratory
  • How to set the incisal length and transfer this information to the laboratory technician

Course Materials:  PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; .5 credit hour

Crown and Bridge 12 - Procedures for Porcelain Try-in, Trial Insertion and Permanent Cementation of Fixed Restorations

This class will cover procedures for porcelain try-in, trial insertion and permanent cementation of fixed restorations.

Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • How to try in porcelain restorations
  • How to carve porcelain to ideal shape and form
  • Procedures for trial insertion of fixed restorations
  • Procedures for permanent cementation of fixed restorations

Course Materials: PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; .5 credit hour

Treating Teeth with No Clinical Crowns
Saving Teeth with No Clinical Crowns Part I

This course will cover the rationale and procedures for saving teeth with no clinical crowns.

Edward Feinberg, DMD; Instructor

Class Objectives: Class attendees will learn:

  • Why the current concepts of retention prevent Dentists from saving teeth with no clinical crowns
  • Why Buildups and Posts are poor retentive strategies
  • The elements required for the retention of restorations on teeth with no clinical crowns.

Course Materials: PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; 1 credit hour

Saving Teeth with No Clinical Crowns Part II

This course is the second of four courses that cover the rationale and procedures for saving teeth with no clinical crowns.

Edward Feinberg, DMD; Instructor

Class Objectives: Class attendees will learn:

  • Why the current paradigm of tooth preparation contributes to recurrent decay and lack of retention.
  • How to compensate for the fact that bacteria are far smaller than the error introduced by our restorative techniques and the magnification that we can achieve with loupes and microscopes.
  • Why impressions of the entire root surfaces are essential for success with teeth with no clinical crowns.

Course Materials: PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz, 1 credit-hour


Saving Teeth with No Clinical Crowns Part III

This course will cover the rationale and techniques for making copper band temporaries for anterior teeth with little or no clinical crowns.

 Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

Class Objectives:  Attendees will learn

  • The Rationale for using copper bands for temporaries
  • When copper bands should be used to make temporaries
  • How to use copper bands to make anterior provisional restorations.

 Course Materials:  PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; 1 credit hour.


Saving Teeth with No Clinical Crowns Part IV

This course will cover techniques and applications for making copper band temporaries for posterior teeth with little or no clinical crowns.

 Edward Feinberg DMD; Instructor

 Class Objectives:  Attendees will learn

  • Techniques for making copper band temporary restorations for teeth with no clinical crowns
  • Applications for copper band temporaries for clinical practice
  • New options for treating patients who are not candidates for sophisticated dentistry.

 Course Materials:  PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; 1 credit hour.


Treatment Options for Difficult Cases

This course series will demonstrate how to handle difficult cases and will offer a variety of new treatment options that are rarely offered to patients.

This course will cover the basics of ideal treatment for full coverage restorative dentistry–specifically longevity and  the ingredients required for a high percentage of case longevity rather than esthetics and economics.    The presentation will showcase the details that are required for successful outcomes.  Numerous examples will be presented from a library of more than 100,000 pictures taken over seven decades with X-Ray follow-up.

Course Objectives:

Participants will learn:

–what details are required to create an ideal outcome for full coverage restorations

–why a precision mindset and a step-by-step approach to full coverage restorations are important for successful outcome.

–how full coverage restorations can be designed to eliminate recurrent decay and periodontal bone loss; and how to apply proven engineering principles to ensure this outcome.

–When to best utilize fixed restorations, removable restorations, and implant restorations for the best possible outcome.

This course will cover the basics of ideal treatment for full coverage restorative dentistry–specifically longevity and  the ingredients required for a high percentage of case longevity rather than esthetics and economics.    The presentation will showcase the overall factors that are required for successful outcomes.  Numerous examples will be presented from a library of more than 100,000 pictures taken over seven decades with X-Ray follow-up.

Course Objectives:

Participants will learn:

–what constitutes an ideal outcome for full coverage restorations

–why a precision mindset and a step-by-step approach to full coverage restorations is important for successful outcome.

–how full coverage restorations can be designed to eliminate recurrent decay and periodontal bone loss; and how to apply proven engineering principles to ensure this outcome.

–the difference between an overall point of view and a piecemeal point of view in examining and treating patients.

–Why fixed bridgework on natural tooth abutments often offers superior outcomes to the single-tooth implant

–When to best utilize fixed restorations, removable restorations, and implant restorations for the best possible outcome.

New Treatment Options: Underlay Copings Part I

Edward Feinberg, DMD; Instructor

Course Description

This course will cover the rationale and procedures for saving teeth with underlay copings.

Course Objectives Part I:  Participants will learn:

  • How Underlay Copings allow questionable teeth to be saved without jeopardizing the overall success of a restorative case.
  • How Underlay Copings can be used to provide new treatment options to patients
  • How Underlay Copings can be used to transition patients from one type of case to another.

Course Materials: PDF Handout download and Video followed by short quiz; 1 credit-hour.


New Treatment Options:  Underlay Copings Part II

Edward Feinberg, DMD; Instructor

Course Description

This course will cover advanced uses of underlay copings.

Course Objectives Part I:  Participants will learn:

  • How Underlay Copings can be used to salvage existing cases and repair bridgework.
  • How Underlay Copings can be used to control difficult restorative cases.
  • How Underlay Copings can be used in the management of osseointegration.

Course Materials: PDF Handout download and Video followed by short quiz; 1 credit-hour.

The Double-Tilt Precision Attachment Cases

This courses series will cover the rationale and techniques for fabrication a double-tilt precision attachment case. This type of case has perhaps the longest track record of success of any dental treatment and can be used with either natural tooth abutments or implant abutments.

The Double-Tilt Precision Attachment Case Part 2b

Edward Feinberg, DMD; Instructor

Course Description

This course will continue instruction of creating ideal three-dimensional preparations.  Part 2b will cover preparation of the root surface and osseous contouring.

Course Objectives Part 2b:  Participants will learn:

  • The rationale and technique for preparing the root surface
  • Marginal placement and how to avoid recurrent decay and lack of retention
  • Indications for osseous contouring
  • A simple technique for corrective bone surgery.

Course Materials: PDF Handout download and Video followed by short quiz; 1 credit-hour.

 

The Double-Tilt Precision Attachment Case Part 2a

Edward Feinberg, DMD; Instructor

Course Description

This course will cover the rationale for a step-by-step, precision approach to fabricating a precision attachment case.  A solid foundation for the fixed portion of the case is absolutely essential.  Part 2a will cover three Dimensional preparations, including tooth preparation and gingival preparation for ideal anatomy.

Course Objectives Part 2a:  Participants will learn:

  • The Rationale for a step-by-step, precision approach to fabricating a Double-Tilt Precision Attachment Case.
  • Why a three dimensional approach to tooth preparation is more likely to result in ideal architecture than a departmental approach.
  • Why full shoulder preparations are the tooth preparation of choice
  • A simple technique for preparing full shoulder preparations.
  • A simple technique for gingival contouring using electrosurgery

Course Materials: PDF Handout download and Video followed by short quiz; 1 credit-hour.

The Double-Tilt Precision Attachment Case Part 1

Edward Feinberg, DMD; Instructor

Course Description

This course will cover the rationale for the Double-Tilt Precision Attachment Case.

Course Objectives:  Participants will learn:

  • The Rationale for a the Double-Tilt Precision Attachment Case.
  • Why the Double-Tilt Precision Attachment Case has one of the best track records for longevity of any kind of case
  • The Advantages offered by the Double-Tilt Precision Attachment Case.
  • Why the Double-Tilt Precision Attachment Case is often superior to fixed bridgework on natural teeth abutments or fixed bridgework on implant abutments.
  • Why a precision approach is essential in fabricating this type of case

Course Materials: PDF Handout download and Video followed by short quiz; 1 credit-hour.

Video Demonstration and Case Histories

This course features video demonstration by Dr. Elliot Feinberg in 1968 and Case Histories and narration by Dr. Edward Feinberg.

This course will feature 9 cases filmed in 1968 by Dr. Elliot Feinberg DDS. Included in the case presentations will be pictures and case histories of these patients in subsequent decades.

This course is very unusual because it features Dr. Elliot Feinberg demonstrating three dimensional preparations and presenting 8 patient treatments he did in 1968.  Dr. Edward Feinberg expands on each case by giving the appropriate background and case history for each patients.  Some of the patients were documented for more than 50 years by Drs. Elliot and Edward Feinberg.  Because this course is unique and quite unusual, it requires a special introduction and tribute to Dr. Elliot Feinberg.  The introduction is informational only and does not have a quiz or credit attached to it.   The introduction is essential, however, in order to provide the proper context for Parts I and II of this course.

This course is dedicated to my father–my mentor and teacher Dr. Elliot Feinberg.  He was a true master and pioneer in the field of full coverage restorative dentistry.  He did thousands of full mouth cases over the course of his career and taught demonstration classes to dentists for over 40 years.

Edward Feinberg, DMD and Elliot Feinberg DDS; Instructors

Course Materials: PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz, not for credit


This course will feature  the first of nine cases filmed in 1968 by Dr. Elliot Feinberg DDS. Dr. Elliot Feinberg will demonstrate how to prepare anterior teeth three dimensionally  with gingival and osseous surgery. Dr.  Edward Feinberg will narrate and present background and pictures associated with this patient..

Edward Feinberg, DMD; Instructor

Class Objectives: Class attendees will learn:

  • Why basic principles are more important to the success of full coverage restorative dentistry than materials or technology.
  • Why the periodontal foundation must be prepared three-dimensionally in order to eliminate pathology and create ideal architecture.
  • A technique for osseous surgery around prepared teeth in order to create ideal anatomy.

Course Materials: PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; 1 credit-hour (includes introduction time)


This course will feature  the eight cases filmed in 1968 by Dr. Elliot Feinberg DDS.  Dr.  Edward Feinberg will narrate and present background, pictures and case history over subsequent decades associated with each patient.

Edward Feinberg, DMD; Instructor

Class Objectives: Class attendees will learn:

  • How underlay copings can be used as a contingency plan for weak abutments
  • How the double-tilt precision attachment case can be used to successfully restore full arches with natural tooth and with implant abutments.
  • How pulp extirpation can be used to reduce leverage forces on teeth and to prevent future pathology.
  • Why the effect of the musculature on occlusion must be considered before beginning any kind of restorative dentistry.
  • Why a precision approach is essential in order to achieve a high percentage of success and longevity.
  • Why it is important the new techniques in the area of full coverage restoration must be compared to the standard outlined in this video in order to be considered true advancements.

Course Materials: PDF Handout download and Video followed by a short quiz; 1 credit-hour